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Establishing distinctive theories and methods of design science rooted in Chinese traditional culture

Huijun ZOU, Qinghua LIANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第3期页码 430-437 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0583-5

摘要： The human social development saw the formation of five unique civilizations, with the latter forming their own distinctive cultures. China’s traditional culture is its most fundamental ideological weapon for solving problems. The Chinese are good at comprehensive thinking, dialectical thinking, and systematic analysis. These ideological weapons can solve the problems of formal science and technology and create scientific and technological achievements on par with global advanced scale. Ancient China is filled with original scientific and technological achievements, which strongly prove ancient China’s possession of its own science and technology different from that of Western Renaissance. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of science, technology, experience, and intuition is necessary. The long-held superstition regarding the West, the lack of confidence, self-denial, blind imitation of ideas, and shackles must be thrown away. Only then can we take the road toward an authentic Chinese creative design as we learn from others.

关键词： traditional Chinese culture comprehensive thinking systematic analysis Needham’s Grand Question ancient Chinese scientific and technological achievements design driving innovation design theoretical thinking design dialectical methods

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Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?

J. Christopher Whitehead

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 264-273 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1794-3

摘要： The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasma-catalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description “plasma-activated catalysis” is an apt one.

关键词： plasma catalysis plasma-activated catalysis non-thermal plasma CO₂ conversion

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21世纪工程领域——重大挑战与重大挑战学者计划

C.D. Mote Jr.

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第7期页码 728-732 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.001

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Scientific significance of ancient maps of Yellow River and Grand Canal for water conservancy in China

Xiaocong LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 445-454 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0063-9

摘要： Based on the study of ancient maps preserved in China and abroad, the systematic nature and practical meaning of the maps of the Yellow River and Grand Canal is demonstrated. It is pointed out that the ancient maps not only record the spatial information of the established water conservancy engineering for river harnessing but also the management systems of the rivers in history. Besides, the maps provide abundant information on nature, humanity, and geography and possess high value in academic research and art appreciation.

关键词： information management established appreciation practical

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Strategic Project Management to Use the Grand Challenge Scholars Program to Address Urban Infrastructure

David A. Wyrick,Warren Myers

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 203-205 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016046

摘要： Throughout the world, infrastructure to support cities is critical to support sustainable and responsible economic development. This can include new infrastructure projects in the case of growing areas. It can also include the renewal and upgrading of existing infrastructure in areas that have been inhabited and already developed. Infrastructure includes roads, bridges and transportation systems; power grids and energy service; internet and telecommunications; and water and sewer services. This development can be part of a system of systems, in which government, industries, and universities can contribute knowledge, skills, and abilities. This paper will investigate the strategic project management taken by one university to provide an academic experience that will prepare engineering students to address several of the Grand Engineering Challenges of the 21st Century, as identified by the US National Academy of Engineering. The challenges relating to energy, water, information, and urban infrastructure can be approached using the functions of teaching, research, and service. By approaching the challenges strategically, resources of faculty time, student effort and laboratory facilities can be leveraged to achieve greater results. This case study will describe the efforts and results to date and identify opportunities for future growth.

关键词： Grand Challenges urban infrastructure development engineering management system of systems strategic management engineering management case study

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基于注意机制编码解码模型的答案选择方法 Article

Yuan-ping NIE, Yi HAN, Jiu-ming HUANG, Bo JIAO, Ai-ping LI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第4期页码 535-544 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601232

摘要：问答技术的重要挑战之一就是解决问题与答案之间的语义空白。机器翻译模型已经被证明能有效的提升解决问题与答案之间的语义空白的效果。本文提出了一种基于注意机制的深度神经网络模型来解决问答系统中的答案选择任务。该模型采用了基于双向LSTM的编码解码模型，编码解码模型是一个被证明再机器翻译领域取得了突出的成绩。我们还在模型中应用了注意力机制来提升模型的效果。本文在一个公开数据集上验证我们实验的有效性，同时通过结合该模型显著提高了我们的问答系统的性能在TREC liveQA 2015的任务中。

关键词：问答技术、答案选择、注意机制、深度学习

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Hybrid embedding and joint training of stacked encoder for opinion question machine reading comprehension

Xiang-zhou Huang, Si-liang Tang, Yin Zhang, Bao-gang Wei,huangxiangzhou@zju.edu.cn,siliang@zju.edu.cn,yinzh@zju.edu.cn

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第9期页码 1267-1412 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900571

摘要： Opinion question (MRC) requires a machine to answer questions by analyzing corresponding passages. Compared with traditional MRC tasks where the answer to every question is a segment of text in corresponding passages, opinion question MRC is more challenging because the answer to an opinion question may not appear in corresponding passages but needs to be deduced from multiple sentences. In this study, a novel framework based on is proposed to address such problems, in which a new hybrid embedding training method combining text features is used. Furthermore, extra attention and output layers which generate auxiliary losses are introduced to jointly train the stacked recurrent . To deal with imbalance of the dataset, irrelevancy of question and passage is used for . Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance. We are the biweekly champion in the opinion question MRC task in Artificial Intelligence Challenger 2018 (AIC2018).

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第三届全球重大挑战峰会

Bartolomeo Maggie

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 434-435 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.018

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中国城镇化的进展与巨大挑战 Views & Comments

徐匡迪

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 26-28 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.029

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解决城市中的全球重大挑战 Views & Comments

Andrew Ka-Ching Chan, FREng

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 10-15 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.003

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Built environment and management: exploring grand challenges and management issues in built environment

Liang WANG, Xiaolong XUE, Rebecca J. YANG, Xiaowei LUO, Hongying ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 313-326 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0049-9

摘要： Engineering management research objects have gradually been transformed from micro-scale projects to macro-scale built environment. Built environment has driven the advancement of civilization through human history. From the Stone Age to the modern era, built environment, which refers to manmade surroundings, has provided the setting for human activities. Built environment has undergone developments and evolution processes as civilization grew. Today, technological advancements cause influences of built environment to encompass every aspect of life, as material, spatial and cultural products of the human labor force, which combines material factors and energy in a lively way of work and in forms. However, the concept of built environment remains unclear. Built environment faces a major challenge, such as the use of science and technology to solve key national and global issues. Thus, the definitions of built environment were systematically reviewed and summarized from different perspectives and levels to address these issues. The grand challenges of built environment, including climate change and energy consumption, urbanization and infrastructure construction, growth, and innovation, were summarized. Furthermore, the corresponding management issues and future development strategies were proposed to solve identified challenges of built environment.

关键词： built environment innovation sustainability resilience urbanization digitalization infrastructure

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Developing a new model for simultaneous scheduling of two grand projects based on game theory and solving

Loghman PIRI, Vahidreza GHEZAVATI, Ashkan HAFEZALKOTOB

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 117-134 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0115-3

摘要： Grand infrastructure projects, such as dam, power plant, petroleum, and gas industry projects, have several contractors working on them in several independent sub-projects. The concern of reducing the duration of these projects is one of the important issues among various aspects; thus, our aim is to fulfill the requirements by using the game theory approach. In this study, a mixed-integer programming model consisting of game theory and project scheduling is developed to reduce the duration of projects with a minimum increase in costs. In this model, two contractors in successive periods are entered into a step-by-step competition by the employer during dynamic games, considering an exchange in their limited resources. The optimum solution of the game in each stage are selected as the strategy, and the resources during the game are considered to be renewable and limited. The strategy of each contractor can be described as follows: 1) share their resources with the other contractor and 2) not share the resources with the other contractor. This model can act dynamically in all circumstances during project implementation. If a player chooses a non-optimum strategy, then this strategy can immediately update itself at the succeeding time period. The proposed model is solved using the exact Benders decomposition method, which is coded in GAMS software. The results suggest the implementation of four step-by-step games between the contractors. Then, the results of our model are compared with those of the conventional models. The projects’ duration in our model is reduced by 22.2%. The nominal revenue of both contractors has also reached a significant value of 46078 units compared with the relative value of zero units in the original model. Moreover, we observed in both projects the decreases of 19.5%, 20.9%, and 19.7% in the total stagnation of resources of types 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

关键词： project scheduling resource leveling between projects constrained resources game theory Benders decomposition

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时序增强的知识记忆网络在问答中的应用 Article

Xin-yu DUAN, Si-liang TANG, Sheng-yu ZHANG, Yin ZHANG, Zhou ZHAO, Jian-ru XUE, Yue-ting ZHUANG, Fei WU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第1期页码 104-115 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700788

摘要：问答系统旨在为人类以自然语言提出的问题提供具体答案。如何对问题做出有效回答是该领域的热点问题。在问答系统研究中，对于给定问题与其相应答案，现有方法通常侧重于模拟问答语料间语义相关性或句法关系。当一个问题包含的答案线索非常少时，这些模型大多受到影响。本文设计了一个名为时序增强型知识记忆网络（temporality-enhanced knowledge memory network, TE-KMN）的架构，并将该模型应用于一个名为Quiz Bowl的知识竞赛问答数据集。与多数现有方法不同，该模型不仅对文本内容进行编码，也对问题中连续语句间能够逐步揭示答案的时序线索进行编码。此外，该模型通过协同使用外部知识，能够更好理解给定问题。实验结果表明，该方法性能优于目前几种最先进方法。

关键词：问答系统；知识记忆；时序增强

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人工智能破解生物学50年来的一个重大挑战

Sean O´Neill

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第6期页码 706-708 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.003